ปี 1970s, Tom Peters และ Robert Waterman ผู้เชี่ยวชาญและที่ปรึกษาด้านการบริหารจัดการของ McKinsy นำเสนอ 7 Element ที่องค์กรต้องมี และต้องทำให้สอดคล้องกัน ซึ่งความสอดคล้องนี้แหละที่จะพาองค์กรไปสู่เป้าหมายได้ ซึ่งนั้นก็คือ McKinsey 7-S Framework ที่หลายคนคุ้นเคยดี และหลายองค์กรก็นำมาปรับใช้อย่างจริงจัง
S ทั้ง 7 ตัวประกอบไปด้วย
- Strategy กลยุทธ์หรืออะไรก็ตามที่ทำให้เกิดข้อได้เปรียบในการแข่งขัน
- Structure โครงสร้าง ผังองค์กร รูปแบบของทีมที่บอกว่าใครจะต้องทำงานให้ใคร ใครต้องตรวจสอบใคร
- System ระบบหรือรูปแบบวิธีการทำงานที่ทำให้งานสำเร็จ
- Shared Values ค่านิยมองค์กร วัฒนธรรมองค์กร
- Style เน้นไปที่แนวทาง แนวคิด และวิธีการทำงานของ Leader
- Staff คนในองค์กร รวมไปถึงแนวทางในการบริหารคนเพื่อดึงศักยภาพของคนออกมาใช้อย่างเต็มที่
- Skill ทักษะของคนในองค์กร
แน่นอนว่าทั้ง 7 ต้องวางแผน ออกแบบ และดำเนินการให้สอดคล้องกัน ถ้ากลยุทธ์ขององค์กรคือ เพิ่ม Speed การทำงาน แต่ผังองค์กรมีลำดับขั้นที่เยอะมาก องค์กรเริ่มเอาระบบ Digital มาใช้แล้ว แต่ยังไม่ได้มีแผนในการทำให้คนในองค์กรมีทักษะการทำงานแบบ Digital
ไม่ใช่เรื่องแปลกที่องค์กรจะเดินหน้า 2 ก้าวแล้วถอยหลัง 3 ก้าวอยู่บ่อย ๆ
อีกเรื่องที่มีผลไม่แพ้กันคือ Leadership Style เป็นไปในทิศทางที่สอดคล้องกับ S ตัวอื่น ๆ หรือไม่ หลายองค์กรให้ความสำคัญกับการพัฒนา Leadership แต่การจะพัฒนา Leader ให้มีแนวทางในการนำไปด้วย Style แบบไหน องค์กรได้คิด และออกแบบให้สอดคล้องแล้วใช่หรือไม่
"Leader ต้องเข้าไปมีส่วนร่วมกับทีมในรูปแบบไหน ถึงจะทำให้ทีมเดินหน้าไปสู่เป้าหมายได้"
นี่คือคำถามกว้าง ๆ ที่น่าจะเป็นจุดเริ่มต้นที่ดี แต่จะตอบคำถามนี้ได้ดี ก็ต้องรู้จักทีมให้ดี และเข้าใจเป้าหมายให้ชัดเจน เพื่อให้สุดท้ายเราหาคำตอบได้ว่า Leader ควรเป็นแบบไหน จะมีสไตล์แบบสิงโตขย้ำเหยื่อ หรือจะมีสไตล์แบบผีเสื้อในทุ่งลาเวนเดอร์
หรือบางที เราอาจจะต้องเป็นสิงโตในทุ่งลาเวนเดอร์ก็ไม่ใช่เรื่องแปลกครับ
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#HannahEdJob NGHỀ TƯ VẤN QUẢN TRỊ (MANAGEMENT CONSULTING) LÀ GÌ?
Schofans ơi các em có nghe tới ngành/nghề Management Consulting (MC) chưa nà? Ở các nước phát triển thì MC là một trong những ngành được sinh viên tốt nghiệp khao khát nhất, bên cạnh Investment Banking. Hiện tại theo chị thấy thì, nền kinh tế Việt Nam càng phát triển, thì nhu cầu MC cũng càng tăng. Và các tập đoàn lớn đang mở rộng mảng MC ở VN rồi đấy! Một điều đặt biệt nữa là MC tuyển sinh viên từ mọi ngành học, không phân biệt là Economics, Business, Marketing, Health, Medicine, Engineering, IT, Law, Arts, ... gì cả. Hôm nay chị giới thiệu sơ về các ngạch nhỏ trong MC nhé. Chị làm PwC ngày xưa cũng được coi là một công ty tư vấn đó. Với chị chơi với rất nhiều bạn, anh chị học ra xong làm ở các firm lớn như BCG, McKinsey nữa.
___________________________________
1. Giới thiệu chung:
Management Consulting [MC], hay Tư vấn Quản trị, là dịch vụ giúp các doanh nghiệp giải những vấn đề ảnh hưởng đến hiệu suất vận hành. Nói chung chung thì giống như là bác sĩ cho doanh nghiệp vậy đó. MC khá rộng và bao gồm nhiều mảng khác nhau.
Nói thì có vẻ khó hiểu, nhưng lấy ví dụ thì các bạn có lẽ dễ hiểu hơn ha. Ví dụ như:
- Một doanh nghiệp A đang bị giảm lợi nhuận (profit margin), và muốn tìm hiểu vì sao.
- Một tập đoàn B đến từ Singapore, và muốn thâm nhập thị trường Việt Nam, và muốn tìm hiểu về thị trường và cách thức vào thị trường VN (market entry, go-to-market).
- Một tập đoàn C muốn phát triển chiến lược 5 10 năm.
- Chính phủ tỉnh D muốn xây dựng 1 chiếc sân vận động, và muốn biết giá trị tạo ra từ sân vận động đó.
2. Strategy Consulting: (Tư vấn chiến lược)
Tư vấn chiến lược chính là mảng lớn nhất và mảng chiếm vai trò quan trọng nhất trong MC. Tư vấn chiến lược tựa như là cơ quan đầu não của mọi hoạt động í. Những Consultants sẽ đưa ra chiến lược phát triển hoặc cải tổ cho một cơ quan/tập đoàn/nhà nước. Nó cũng bao gồm một số mảng nhỏ như:
- Corporate Strategy: chiến lược phát triển doanh nghiệp dài hạn.
- Economic Policy: tư vấn chính sách công cho nhà nước.
- M&A: tư vấn trong những thương vụ mua bán & sáp nhập.
- Digital Transformation, S&O, Business Model Transformation, etc.
Một số tập đoàn nổi tiếng ở lĩnh vực này: McKinsey, Boston Consulting Group, Bain, Accenture, A.T. Kearney, Oliver Wyman, ... Big 4 cũng có team nhỏ làm về mảng này, như Deloitte có Monitor Deloitte, EY có EY-Partheon, PwC có Strategy&, ...
3. Operations Consulting: (Tư vấn vận hành)
Nếu tư vấn chiến lược là về khía cạnh hơi vĩ mô thì Tư vấn vận hành sẽ tập trung sâu vào những khía cạnh cụ thể của một doanh nghiệp, ví dụ như:
- Sales & Marketing
- Supply Chain
- Restructuring
- Sourcing & Procurement
- Business Process
- Technology
- Customer & Operations
- Risk
- etc.
Một số tập đoàn lớn trong lĩnh vực này: Big 4 (KPMG, EY, Deloitte, PwC), Accenture, Capgemini, ...
4. HR Consulting: (Tư vấn Nhân sự)
Ô nô các bạn đừng nhầm lẫn HR Consulting chỉ là đi làm HR cho 1 công ty hay là đi tuyển người nha. HR Consulting sẽ giúp cải tổ và phát triển bộ máy nhân sự cho cả một tập đoàn đó. Ví dụ như làm sao để tuyển người giỏi, làm sao để giữ chân nhân tài, làm sao để thay đổi văn hóa công ty, vân vân mây mây đó.
Ví dụ một số tập đoàn lớn thì có Korn Ferry (có ở VN), Mercer, Hay Group, Accenture, etc.
Mong là qua bài viết này, các bạn hiểu hơn một xíu về nghề tư vấn quản trị. Nếu có bạn nào có kinh nghiệm thêm về mảng này có thể comment cho các bạn khác cùng biết nha.
<3 Like page, tag và share cho bạn bè cả nhà nhé <3
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